As digital assets like cryptocurrencies, NFTs, and DeFi protocols reshape global commerce, disputes over ownership, fraud, and enforcement are on the rise. This article explores how arbitration — through flexibility, cross-border enforceability, and on-chain...
The new Nigerian tax reform laws—NTA, NTAA, JRBA, and NRSA—introduce far-reaching changes to tax administration, including stronger protections for revenue officials. These laws extend limitation periods for suits, require pre-action notices, and provide...
The Zhongshan v. Nigeria case highlights a landmark interpretation of Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) and state immunity. The British Virgin Islands court held that Nigeria’s commitment to “enforcement” under the China–Nigeria BIT included execution...
The Nigeria Tax Administration Act (2025) and the Nigeria Tax Act (2025) introduce the terms small business and small company—but do they mean the same thing? While “small business” applies mainly to VAT exemptions and “small company” to income tax relief,...
The Presidential Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Initiative was introduced as a palliative to cushion the effect of petrol subsidy removal. Designed to cut fuel import costs, lower emissions, and create jobs, the program presents opportunities but also faces...
Artificial Intelligence is reshaping international arbitration, from streamlining document review to predicting case outcomes. While AI promises efficiency, speed, and cost savings, it also raises critical concerns around data security, confidentiality,...
From January 1, 2026, Nigerian companies with foreign subsidiaries (NCFCs) will face new tax obligations under the NTA 2025. They must pay income tax on undistributed NCFC profits and cover any shortfall in meeting the 15% global minimum tax (GMT), expressed...
Nigeria’s new Tax Administration Act (2025) consolidates tax powers under the Nigeria Revenue Service, creating uncertainty over State Governments’ authority to administer stamp duties. While historically shared between Federal and State tax authorities,...
Section 80 of the Nigeria Tax Administration Act, 2025 (NTAA) imposes a mandatory duty on the Accountant-General of the Federation (AGF) to recover unremitted tax revenues from Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs) of the Federal Government. The...
Maritime is capital-intensive. A single workboat, tug, PSV, or small tanker can run into the low–mid tens of millions of dollars; even coastal barges and crew boats require multi-million-dollar tickets/investments. For Nigeria, that capacity gap in coastal...